A Review of the Morphology and Shape of Root Canal System

Objectives: The aim of this literature review was to analyze the root canal shape of human teeth described in anatomical studies as recent wide use of fiber posts resulted in a new interest for the anatomy of coronal and middle portions of the canal, where post-space should be prepared, in order to achieve the best fiber post fitting to the post-space. Material and methods Original scientific papers from peer-reviewed dental journals strictly related to the morphology of human teeth roots and listed in PubMed in the period from 1987 to 2007 were selected using key words. Books related to human teeth anatomy were added by hand searching. Results: In this paper 921 papers (94 reviews) founded in PubMed with a search for endodontic, root, canal, anatomy were examined. Discussion: Through the studies included, a classification of root canals according to cross-section shape and a systematic description of canal morphology in each tooth were performed. The knowledge of both basic root anatomy and root canal section morphology is crucial while choosing of the post during the luting procedure as a good post fitting could be a key factor for clinical success of postretained restorations. Different shapes of root canals, described in literature, enhances the problem of fiber post adaptation to root canals. Conclusions and clinical significance: Knowledge of the anatomy of root canals of each tooth may help the clinician in choosing the best fitting fiber post to the canal treated.